  Latvian HOWTO
  Artis Trops  <mailto:hornet@navigators.lv>
  v1.5, 2002-06-19

   dokumenta mris ir kopgiem spkiem iegt latvieu valodas atbal
  stu operciju sistm Linux. Note to English readers: The aim of this
  document is to describe GNU/Linux localization issues specific for
  Latvian users.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents


  1. Priekvrds

  2. Xlogi (Xwindow)

     2.1 Nepiecieamie faili
     2.2 Liekam visu savs viets
     2.3 Fonti

  3. Konsole

     3.1 Nepiecieamie faili
     3.2 Liekam visu savs viets
     3.3 Latvieu valoda k noklust konsoles valoda
     3.4 Dau programmu pielgoana darbam latvieu valod

  4. Netscape

     4.1 Nepiecieamie faili
     4.2 Liekam visu savs viets

  5. NLS

     5.1 Latvieu lokles
     5.2 Failu nosaukumi

  6. GNOME & KDE

     6.1 GNOME
        6.1.1 Liekam visu savs viets
     6.2 KDE
        6.2.1 sa instrukcija problmu novranai

  7. GNU Brvs Dokumentcijas Licence

  8. GNU Free Documentation License



  ______________________________________________________________________


   Copyright (c)  2001  Artis Trops.
   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
   with the Invariant Section being "Priekvrds", with no
   Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
   A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
   Free Documentation License".



   Autortiesbas (c)  2001  Artis Trops.
   Tiek dota atauja kopt, izplatt un/vai modifict o dokumentu saska
   ar GNU Brvs Dokumentcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras vlkas
   versijas, kuru publicjis Brvs Programmatras Fonds, nosacjumiem;
   ar Bezvariantu Paragrfu "Priekvrds", bez Pirm-Vka Tekstiem
   un bez Aizmugurj-Vka Tekstiem.
   Licences kopija ir iekauta paragrf ar nosaukumu "GNU
   Brvs Dokumentcijas Licence".



  1.  Priekvrds

  Katrs Linux lietotjs Latvij ir saskries ar sekojou problmu: msu
  iecientajai operciju sistmai nav latvieu valodas.. Ar
  informcijas par to, k Linuxam iemct runt ar mums latviski, ir vai
  nu oti maz, vai ar, ja kaut ko tomr izdodas sameklt, t ir
  lietotjiem grti saprotama, un ar latviskoanas realizanu skas
  problmas. o problmu tad ar kop centsimies risint.

  is Latvian-HOWTO ir tapis sadarbb ar LL10NT (Latvian Localization
  Team) <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt>, tpc, ja rodas kdas problmas
  vai jautjumi sakar ar Linux latviskoanas lietm, griezieties pc
  paldzbas LL10NT forum vai ar IRCnet kanl #ll10nt. Savu iespju
  robes centsimies rast risinjumu. Protams, visi mi aicinti ar
  piebiedroties LL10NT komandai un darboties t, lai latvieu valodas
  atbalstu Linux operciju sistm padartu vl plaku un labku.
  Gribtu vl piebilst un atgdint, ka is Latvian-HOWTO ne tuvu nav
  perfekts un pabeigts, tpc vlos, lai js ziotu, ja atrodiet eit
  kdu kdu. Neturiet ar sveci zem pra, ja ziniet, k latviskoanu
  Linux vartu padart vl efektvku un rtku.

  T k mums visiem ne sevii patk last garus un apnicgus tekstus
  par tmu, kuru var pateikt pris vrdos, pie tam visu vienmr gribas
  tri un uzreiz, centos o Latvian-HOWTO saglabt iespjami sku un
  skaidrku ar mri, lai js maksimli s laik vartu strdt Linux,
  lietojot latvieu valodu. Saturu minu izklstt viegli saprotam
  valod, lai pc iespjas padartu visai sareto latviskoanas
  procedru vienkrku un saprotamku katram.

  Pats gan es dotaj brd lietoju Linux Mandrake. Ceru, ka eit
  apraksttie padomi strds bez problmm ar citos distributvos.
  Katr zi par savu latviskoanas pieredzi (labu vai sliktu) darb ar
  citm Linux distribcijm ziojiet.

  Latvian-HOWTO jaunk versija atrodama http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt
  <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt>.

  Pateicos visiem tiem, kuri ar savm idejm, kritiku un atbalstu ir
  devui ieguldjumu gan  dokumenta pilnveid, gan ar latvieu
  valodas atbalstam atvrt un brv koda programmatrs.

  Bet.. k Andris Maiziks aka Andzha ir teicis - neaizmirstiet, ka
  datori ir eksperimentla zintne..

  Ttad - ieteikumi, labojumi un papildinjumi laipni gaidti... un uz
  prieku!


  2.  Xlogi (Xwindow)

  2.1.  Nepiecieamie faili

  Lai realiztu latvieu valodas atbalstu X11 vid, jums bs
  nepiecieami sekojoie faili:
    lv  (ja vlaties rakstt ar labo Alt taustiu)

    lva (ja vlaties rakstt ar apastrofa ' taustiu)

    lvt (ja vlaties rakstt ar tildes ~ taustiu)

    Compose

  Tie atrodami eit: X-files.tar.gz
  <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-HOWTO/files/X-files.tar.gz>


  2.2.  Liekam visu savs viets

  Tagad, kad vajadzgie faili ir iegti, nepiecieams tos salikt stajs
  viets.

  Piezme: Ja lietojat kdu no pdjm XFree86 versijm (skot ar
  4.1.0), js jau varat latviski rakstt bez jebkdas papildus failu
  modificanas, specifisko rakstzmju ieganai izmanotojot labo Alt -
  lai o iespju aktiviztu, izpildm komandu setxkbdmap lv.

  Izvlamies sev pieemamko speicls rakstzmes ieganas veidu un
  kopjam attiecgo failu nordtaj direktorij, piemram:



       # cp lv /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/



  Domju, ka btu lieki atgdint, ka, lai veiktu nepiecieams
  darbbas, ir jbt root tiesbm.

  Lai aktiviztu mm taustia pareizu darbbu, attiecgaj viet
  kopjam failu Compose. Tau eit ir viena nianse. Ja savu Linuxu esiet
  instaljui izmantojot anglisko saskarni, tad visticamk, ka lokles
  ir pc noklusjuma ieslgtas iso8859-1 rem. Tau, ja instaljt t,
  ka instalcijas process notika latvieu valod, k to darju es, tad
  lokles pc noklusjuma jau pareizi ir ieslgtas iso8859-13 rem.
  Izejot no jsu konkrts situcijas tad ar tur kopjam failu Compose.
  Ja ne nieka no augstkmint nesapratt, tad labk iekopjiet Compose
  abos lokles variantos - dros paliek nedros - un gan jau nekas
  slikts nenotiks.. ;->



       # cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/
       # cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-13/



  Kad tas ir izdarts, izpildm jau iepriekminto komandu setxkbmap lv
  (lv viet var bt ar lva vai lvt - atkarb no jsu izvles) un
  minm kaut ko uzrakstt latviski.

  Ja tests ir izdevies, tad js noteikti vlsieties saglabt latvieu
  valodu Xwindow sistm un padart to pieejamu un izmantojamu ar pc
  datora vai Xu prstartanas, tpc papildus ir jmodific
  /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 fails (ja lietojam XFree86 4.x.x) t, lai iegtu
  Option "XkbLayout" "lv". Piemrs:



  Section "InputDevice"
      Identifier  "Keyboard1"
      Driver      "Keyboard"
      Option      "AutoRepeat" "250 30"
      Option      "XkbRules"   "xfree86"
      Option      "XkbModel"   "pc105"
      Option      "XkbLayout"  "lv"
  EndSection



  Piezme: Ja lietojat XFree86 3.x.x versiju, t k primro izmantos
  failu /etc/X11/XF86Config. Piemrs:



       Section "Keyboard"
           Protocol        "Standard"
           XkbKeycodes     "xfree86"
           XkbTypes        "default"
           XkbCompat       "default"
           XkbSymbols      "us(pc105)"
           XkbGeometry     "pc"
           XkbRules        "xfree86"
           XkbModel        "pc105"
           XkbLayout       "lv"
       EndSection



  2.3.  Fonti

  No  bra latvieu teksta ievades sistmai vajadztu strdt, tau,
  lai gaidtais rezultts tiktu atbilstoi attlots ar uz ekrna, ir
  nepiecieami fonti, kuri atbalsta iso8859-13 kodjumu vai Unicode.
  Linux iespjams ar strdt ar True Type fontiem. Detaliztka
  informcija rodama Font-HOWTO vai vl konkrtk TrueType Fonts with
  XFree86 4.0.x mini-HOWTO. Pagaidm aj dokument fontu instalcija
  aprakstta netiks, jo uz doto brdi tas ir rpus Latvian-HOWTO
  uzdevuniem un mriem. Iespjams, ka nkotn tiks iekauts ar sais
  eksperimentlais kurss fontu instalan.


  3.  Konsole

  Pirms pievramies konsoles latviskoanai, gribtu piezimt, ka
  konsole nav terminlis X logos.. Konsoli iegstam, piespieot
  Ctrl+Alt+Fn, kur Fn - kds no funkciju taustiiem.


  3.1.  Nepiecieamie faili

  oti iespjams, ka visi minimli nepiecieamie faili konsoles
  latviskoanai jau atrodas jsu dator
  (/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/lv-latin7.kmap.gz un
  /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/tlat7.psf.gz vai lat7-14.psf.gz) un neko
  papildus kopt nav nepiecieams. Ja jums to nav, tad noders  failu
  pakotne:


    konsole-files.tar.gz <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-
     HOWTO/files/konsole-files.tar.gz>

  3.2.  Liekam visu savs viets

  Pieemot, ka izmantojam piedvto failu pakotni, izpildm:



       # cp lv-latin7.kmap.gz /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/
       # cp lv.psf.gz /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/



  Tagad jauns iespjas ir nepiecieams aktivizt, tpc izpildm:



       $ consolechars -f lv -m straight-to-font
       $ loadkeys lv-latin7



  Piezme: Tie, kuri izmanto jau esoos failus, pie consolechars nomaina
  lv uz savu fontu, t viet rakstot, teiksim, lat7-14. Tau es tomr
  ieteiktu lietot fontu lv, jo tas labk izskats tds programms, k
  mc un cits.

  Tagad varam mint veikt nelielu prbaudi, lai redztu, vai latvieu
  valoda strd konsoles rem. Specifiskos latvieu valodas simbolus
  iegstam, lietojot AltGr (labo Alt taustiu) kop ar nepiecieamo
  rakstu zmi.

  Lai katru reizi nebtu jizpilda consolechars un loadkeys, varam
  izveidot augstkminto komandu saturou miniskriptu lvkonsole un pc
  tam, lai to palaiot viegli atrastu:



       # cp lvkonsole /usr/local/bin



  3.3.  Latvieu valoda k noklust konsoles valoda

  Uzmanbu! Zemkapraksttais variants nestrd perfekti, kaut ar
  stais fonts un tastatras karte ieldjas pareizi, specifisks
  rakstzmes neattlojas pareizi. Nepiecieama --acm straight-to-font
  opcijas aktivizana. Ja kds ir pancis nevainojamu latvieu
  rakstbas darbbu konsol ar pc datora prstartanas, ziojiet.

  Btu oti nerti katru reizi, kad vien mums ir nepiecieama latvieu
  valoda konsoles rem, izpildt lvkonsole. Lai konsol vartu vienmr
  rakstt latvieu valod, nepiecieams izdart nelielas izmaias
  sistmas konfigurcijas failos.

  Tpc redijam failu /etc/sysconfig/i18n t, lai sank



       SYSFONT=lv



  Un attiecgi failu /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, lai iegtu, ka



       KEYTABLE=lv-latin7



  Rezultt latvieu valodas atbalsts ar konsol ir realizts.


  3.4.  Dau programmu pielgoana darbam latvieu valod

  aj noda tiks sniegta informcija, k jizmaina dau
  lietojumprogrammu konfigurcijas faili, lai ts darbotos piencgi
  latvieu valodas rem. Piezme - pats gan neesmu lielu dau
  zemkaprakstto darbbu veicis, t k... :-> ja darbojas vai
  nedarbojas, vai jums ir padom vl kdas lietdergas programmu
  konfigurcijas failu izmaias, kuras btu nepiecieams veikt labkas
  latvieu valodas darbbas nodroinanai konsoles rem, rakstiet man
  <mailto:hornet@navigators.lv>.


     bash:
        Ja /etc/inputrc faila uzstdjumi atiras no zemkpardtajiem,
        btu lietdergi pievietot savam ~/.inputrc failam:

        set meta-flag on
        set convert-meta off
        set input-meta on
        set output-meta on


     Jebkur cit gadjum tam nebs nozmes.


     elm:
        Pievienojiet sekojoo savam ~/.elm/elmrc failam:

        charset = iso-8859-13
        displaycharset = iso-8859-13
        textencoding = 8bit


     Dam elm versijm tas var nestrdt. Varat iegt daju MIME
     atbalstu iek elm, ja lietosiet metamail.


     joe:
        Palaidiet komandu k

        joe -asis


     vai pievienojiet savam ~/.joerc failam:

     -asis



     metamail:
        Iestdiet sekojoo maingo:


        MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-13



     nn:
        Uzstdiet sav ~/.nn/init fail:

        set data-bits 8



     pine:
        Setup -> Config Atrodiet character-set un ierakstiet
        iso-8859-13.

        Tas ir teortiski pareizs risinjums, tau pagaidm var radt
        liekas problmas jsu korespondentiem, tpc var mint
        iso-8859-13 viet rakstt windows-1257.


     rlogin:
        Palaidiet komandu ldzgi k

        rlogin -8 foo.bar.lv



     sendmail:
        Pievienojiet (vai atkomentjiet) sav /etc/sendmail.cf fail:

        O SevenBitInput=False
        O EightBitMode=pass8
        O DefaultCharSet=iso-8859-13



     mc:
        Options -> Display bits...  Iesldziet Full 8 bits output un
        Full 8 bits input.  Neaizmirstiet saglabt jauno konfigurciju.


     telnet:
        Ievietojiet da veida rindu sav ~/.telnetrc fail katrai
        adresei, kurai vlaties pieslgties, lietojot telnet:

        <hostname> set outbinary true


     Piemrs:

     localhost set outbinary true
     foo.bar.lv set outbinary true



     tin:
        Pievienojiet sekojoo savam ~/.tin/headers failam:



        Mime-Version: 1.0
        Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-13
        Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit



  4.  Netscape

  Parasti problmas, ar kdm lietotjiem nkas saskarties, izmantojot
  Netscape liel informcijas tmeka prlkprogrammu, ir sekojos -
  vai nu laps, kur vajadztu pardties tekstam latvieu valod, ir
  redzamas daudzas jautjumu zmes, vai ar, ja iepriekminto problmu
  kaut k ir izdevies novrst, tad latvieu burtu viet ir redzamas
  eburiem ldzgas rakstu zmes. s nepilnbas tad kopgiem spkiem
  centsimies novrst. Protams, lai gtu certo rezulttu, ar bez
  latvieu ``fontiem'' neiztikt. Ja nevlaties mocties ar Netscape
  latviskoanu, variet lietot Mozilla, Galeon vai citus prlkus, kuriem
  latvieu valodas pareiza attloana nevajadztu sagdt problmas.


  4.1.  Nepiecieamie faili

  Lai panktu vlamo rezulttu Netscape latviskoanas sakar,
  nepiecieams mums bs is skripts:


    NC_baltic <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-
     HOWTO/files/NC_baltic>


  4.2.  Liekam visu savs viets

  Lai vartu ar skripta paldzbu veikt nepiecieams izmaias citos
  failos, ir nepiecieamas root tiesbas. Pietam, lai vartu NC_baltic
  skriptu "iedarbint", vajag to pataist palaiamu:



       $ chmod a+x NC_baltic



  Kad tas ir izdarts, palaiam ar pau skriptu:



       # ./NC_baltic



  Visur nekautrjoties atbildam ar "yes"...

  No  bra programmai Netscape vajadztu darboties k nkas. Iestdm
  Character set k Baltic (Windows 1257) un visam vajadztu strdt.


  5.  NLS



  5.1.  Latvieu lokles

  Ttad, lai tiktu pareizi attloti laika, datuma, valtas u.c. formti
  un lai vartu sekmgi noritt latvisko elementu ievieana k GNOME &
  KDE, t ar atseviu citu programmu lietotja saskarn, nepiecieams
  izveidot latvieu lokles. Iespjams, ka latvieu lokles jsu sistm
  jau ir saliktas t, k vajag, ja lietojat Mandrake vai ldzgu
  distribciju. Latvieu loku faili atrodas /usr/share/locale/lv. Par
  to, vai ir iestdtas latvieu lokles, prliecinamies, izpildot
  komandu locale vai echo $LANG. Vai latvieu lokles ir pieejamas
  sistmai, prliecinamies, izpildot locale -a|grep lv. Ja latvieu
  lokles jums nav, uzstdiet ts, izmantojot jsu distribcijas
  piedvto pakotni. Ja tas nav iespjams, latvieu lokles kompilt
  varam ar pai:



       # localedef -c -i lv_LV -f ISO-8859-13 lv



  Lai sistma zintu, ka ar o brdi lietojamas ir latvieu lokles,
  redijam savu .bash_profile failu (pieemot, ka lietot aula ir
  bash) un tam beigs pievienojam



       LANG=lv
       LC_COLLATE=lv
       LC_CTYPE=lv
       LC_MESSAGES=lv
       LC_MONETARY=lv
       LC_NUMERIC=lv
       LC_TIME=lv
       LC_ALL=lv
       export LANG LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_ALL



  Visai sistmai lokles tiek defintas RedHat un ldzgiem
  /etc/sysconfig/i18n, bet Debian lietotjiem /etc/environment fail.

  Vai viss strd, prliecinties varam, izpildot, piemram, komandu



       $ cal -m



  5.2.  Failu nosaukumi

  eit tiks sniegta informcija par to, k aktvizt failu nosaukumu
  pareizu attloanu latvieu valod (tas gan vairk attiecas uz tdm
  failsistmm, k FAT, ISO9660, ..)



       # insmod nls_cp775
       # insmod nls_iso8859-13


  Ja augstkmintais neizdevs, un ar pa kodol konkrtais atbalsts
  jau nav iestrdts, bs nepiecieama kernea prkompilcija ar
  papildus opcijm, kas pieejamas iek Filesystems > Native Language
  Support, ISO-8859-13 un Codepage 775 atbalstam.

  Rezulttu varam prbaudt di (Piemrs):



       # mount /dev/hda1 -t vfat -o codepage=775,iocharset=iso8859-13 /mnt/win_c



  6.  GNOME & KDE

  6.1.  GNOME

  T k viens no LL10NT projekta virzieniem ir ar GNOMEs po moduu
  tulkoana, tpc aj sada tiks sniegta informcija, kas ir jdara
  ar po moduiem, lai ar GTK+ lietotja saskarne btu latvieu valod.
  Protams, pagaidm vl eit latvieu valodas atbalsts nav realizts
  pilnb. Tpc  nu ir t reize, kur ar js varat sniegt atbalstu ar
  savu ldzdalbu po moduu tulkoan - darbs bs.

  Vl tikai nepiecieami ar pai po modui, kuri iegstami LL10NT
  Komandas <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/> GNOMEs statusa sekcij.


  6.1.1.  Liekam visu savs viets

  Lai po modui darbotos t, k ms vlamies redzt tos darbojamies,
  nepiecieams tos prveidot par mo moduiem:



       $ msgfmt kautkds.po -o kautkds.mo



  Tagad, k jau solts, liekam nu jau jauniegtos mo moduus savs
  viets:



       # cp *.mo /usr/share/locale/lv/LC_MESSAGES/



  6.2.  KDE

  Ar darbs pie KDE tulkoanas rit piln spar. Interesenti, kas vlas
  ldzdarboties skku informciju var uzzint no Andzhas
  <mailto:andzha@latnet.lv>.


  6.2.1.  sa instrukcija problmu novranai

  Biei vien atrisinjums ir jaunks kde-i18n-lv pakotnes uzlikana, ar
  kuru tad ar tiek realizts K Desktop Environment latviskais atbalsts.

  Ja, rakstot specifisks latvieu rakstzmes KDE aplikcijs, to viet
  redzat jautjuma zmes, sava .bash_profile faila gal pievienojam



       export LANG=lv_LV.ISO-8859-13



  vai ar sistmas mroga izmaiu pankanai attiecgi nomainm maing
  LANG vrtbu fail /etc/sysconfig/i18n.


  7.  GNU Brvs Dokumentcijas Licence

  Versija 1.1, Marts 2000


  Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.



  Autortiesbas (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  Ikvienam ir auts kopt un izplatt burtiskas  licences
  dokumenta kopijas, bet maint to nav atauts.



  0. PREAMBULA

  s Licences mris ir padart rokasgrmatu, mcbu grmatu vai citu
  raksttu dokumentu "brvu" d bvbas nozm: nodroinot ikvienam
  tiesisku brvbu kopt un tlkizplatt to, ar vai bez t
  modificanas vai nu komercili, vai nekomercili. Otrkrt,  Licence
  saglab autoram un izdevjam iespju saemt atzinbu par viu darbu,
  neuzskatot tos par atbildgiem par citu veiktajm modifikcijm.

   Licence ir k sava veida "copyleft", kas nozm, ka no dokumenta
  atvasintajiem darbiem paiem jbt brviem td pa nozm. T
  papildina GNU Visprgo Publisko Licenci (GNU General Public License),
  kas ir copyleft licence, radta brvajai programmatrai.

  Ms radjm o Licenci, lai to lietotu brvs programmatras
  rokasgrmats, jo brvajai programmatrai ir vajadzga brva
  dokumentcija: brvai programmai btu jiznk ar rokasgrmatm,
  nodroinot ts paas brvbas, kuras programmatra. Bet  Licence nav
  ierobeota tikai programmatras rokasgrmatm, t var tikt lietota
  jebkuram tekstulam darbam, neatkargi no t tmas vai t, vai tas
  tiek publicts k drukta grmata. Ms rekomendjam o Licenci,
  galvenokrt, darbiem, kuru nolks ir instrukcijas vai nordjumi.

  1. LIETOJAMBA UN TERMINI

   Licence attiecas uz katru rokasgrmatu vai citu darbu, kas satur
  aiz autortiesbu panieka atrodoos paziojumu, kas nosaka, ka tas
  var tikt izplatts saska ar s Licences noteikumiem. "Dokuments"
  zemk attiecas uz katru du rokasgrmatu vai darbu. Jebkur
  sabiedrbas loceklis ir licences samjs un tiek uzrunts uz "js".


  Dokumenta "Modificta Versija" nozm jebkuru Dokumenta vai t daas
  saturou darbu vai nu burtiski koptu, vai ar izmaim un/vai tulkotu
  cit valod.

  "Sekundrais Paragrfs" ir Dokumenta nosaukts pielikums vai skuma
  nozmes paragrfs, kur ekskluzvi aplko Dokumenta izdevja vai
  autora saistbu ar Dokumenta kopjo tematu (vai radniecgiem
  jautjumiem) un nesatur neko, kas vartu tiei ietilpt konkrtaj
  kopj temat. (Piemram, ja Dokuments ir pa daai matemtikas mcbu
  grmata, Sekundrais Paragrfs nepaskaidro neko par matemtiku.)
  Saistbas nozme vartu bt vsturiskas saiknes ar tematu vai
  radniecgi jautjumi, vai to aplkojums no juridiska, komercila,
  filosofiska, tiska vai politiska viedoka.

  "Bezvariantu Paragrfi" ir noteikti Sekundrie Paragrfi, kuru
  virsraksti k Bezvariantu Paragrfus saturoi ir nordti paziojum,
  kas nosaka, ka Dokuments ir izlaists zem s Licences.

  "Vku Teksti" ir noteikti, si teksta fragmenti, kuri nordti k
  Pirm-Vka Teksti vai Aizmugurj-Vka Teksti paziojum, kas nosaka,
  ka Dokuments ir izlaists zem s Licences.

  "Caurspdga" Dokumenta kopija nozm maniski nolasmu kopiju,
  attlotu formt, kura specifikcija ir pieejama plaai sabiedrbai,
  kura saturs var tikt skatts un redits tiei un vienkri ar
  parastiem teksta redaktoriem vai (pikseu veidojoiem attliem)
  parastm krsoanas programmm, vai (zmjumiem) kdu plai pieejamu
  zmjumu redaktoru, un t ir piemrota ievadei teksta formattjos vai
  automtiskai tulkoanai dados formtos, kuri piemroti ievadei
  teksta formattjos. Kopija, kura veidota citdk k Caurspdgs faila
  formts, kura marjums ticis radts, lai kavtu vai atruntu
  lastjus no sekojos modificanas, nav Caurspdga. Kopija, kas nav
  "Caurspdga" tiek saukta par "Necaurredzamu".

  Dergu Caurspdgo formtu piemri ietver tru ASCII bez marjuma,
  Texinfo ievades formtu, LaTeX ievades formtu, SGML vai XML, lietojot
  publiski pieejamos DTD, un standartam atbilstos vienkrs HTML, kas
  radts cilvciskai modifikcijai. Necaurredzamie formti ietver
  PostScript, PDF, patentttus formtus, kurus var last un redit
  tikai patentti teksta redaktori, SGML vai XML, kam DTD un/vai
  apstrdes rki nav viprji pieejami, un maniski enerts HTML, kuru
  izveidojis kds teksta redaktors tikai izvades nolk.

  "Titullapa" nozm druktm grmatm, pau titullapu plus tdas
  turpmks lapas, kuras nepiecieamas, lai salasmi saturtu to
  materilu, kam  Licence pieprasa pardties titullap. Darbiem, kuru
  formtos nav titullapas k tdas, "Titullapa" nozm tekstu tuvu
  vissaredzamkajam darba virsrakstam pirms teksta daas skuma.

  2. BURTISKA KOPANA

  Js varat kopt un izplatt Dokumentu jebkur veid vai nu komercili,
  vai nekomercili, nodroinot, ka  Licence, autortiesbu atzmes un
  licences paziojums, kur apgalvo, ka  Licence attiecas uz
  Dokumentu, tiek reproducts viss kopijs un ka js nepievienosiet
  citus nosacjumus jebkuram no aj Licenc esoajiem. Js nedrkstiet
  uzlikt tehniskus ierobeojumus, lai kavtu vai kontroltu lasanu vai
  tlku kopanu tm kopijm, kuras js izveidojat vai izplatt. Tomr
  js varat pieemt kompensciju pret kopiju apmaiu. Ja js izplatt
  pietiekami lielu daudzumu kopiju, jums ir jseko ar nosacjumiem 3.
  da.

  Js varat ar aizdot kopijas pc tdiem paiem nosacjumiem, kdi
  noteikti augstk, un js varat publiskti izstdt kopijas.


  3. KOPANA LIEL DAUDZUM

  Ja js publicjat druktas skaitliski vairk k 100 Dokumenta kopijas,
  un Dokumenta licences nosacjumi pieprasa Vku tekstus, jums kopiju
  vkos skaidri un salasmi jiekauj visi ie Vku Teksti: Pirm-Vka
  Teksts uz pirm vka un Aizmugurj-Vka Teksts uz pdj vka. Abiem
  vkiem ar skaidri un salasmi jidentific js k o kopiju izdevju.
  Pirmaj vk jpards pilnam nosaukumam, visiem nosaukuma vrdiem
  esot viendi izceltiem un saredzamiem. Js varat pievienot papildus
  materilu vka tekstiem. Kopana ar izmaim, kas skar tikai vkus,
  kamr tie satur Dokumenta nosaukumu un apmierina os nosacjumus,
  citd zi var tikt uzskatta par burtisku kopanu.

  Ja nepiecieamie teksti kd no vkiem ir prk apjomgi, lai salasmi
  tajos ietilptu, jums vajadztu pirmos sarakst likt (tik daudz, cik
  saprtgi iekaujas) uz attiecg vka un prjo uz blakus lapm.

  Ja js publicjat vai izplatt Necaurredzamas skaitliski vairk k 100
  Dokumenta kopijas, jums ir vai nu jiekauj maniski lasma
  Caurspdga kopija kop ar katru Necaurredzamo kopiju, vai jpazio
  katr vai ar katru Necaurredzamo kopiju publiski pieejama vieta
  datortkl, kur atrodama pilna Caurspdga Dokumenta kopija brva no
  pievienot materila, pie kuras visprjai tklu lietojoai
  sabiedrbai ir pieeja anonmi lejupldt to bez maksas, lietojot
  publisk standarta tkla protokolus. Ja lietojat pdjo iespju, jums
  jveic nepiecieamie piesardzbas soi, kad skat Necaurredzmas
  kopijas izplatanu liel daudzum, lai nodrointu, ka  Caurspdg
  kopija bs tdjdi pieejama nordtaj viet vl vismaz gadu pc
  pdjs reizes, kad izplatjt (tiei vai caur saviem aentiem, vai
  mazumtirgotjiem) Necaurredzmas kopijas tiru sabiedrbai.

  Ir ieteicams, bet ne nepiecieams, ka js kontaktjaties ar Dokumenta
  autoru jau laikus pirms tlkizplatot jebkdu lielu daudzumu kopiju,
  lai dotu viam iespju nodroint js ar uzlabotu Dokumenta versiju.

  4. MODIFIKCIJAS

  Js varat kopt un izplatt Dokumenta Modifictu Versiju saska ar
  augstkesoajiem 2. un 3. daas noteikumiem, ja js publicjat
  Modificto Versiju preczi zem s Licences, Modifictajai Versijai
  pildot to pau lomu, ko Dokumentam, tdjdi licecjot Modifictas
  Versijas izplatanu un modificanu ikvienam, kuram pieder ts
  kopija. Papildus Modifictaj Versij jums jpaveic sekojoais:


    A. Titullap (un vkos, ja tdi ir) lietojiet atirgu nosaukumu
     no t, kds ir Dokumentam un t iepriekjm versijm (kurm btu,
     ja tdas ir bijuas, jbt nordtm Dokumenta Vstures paragrf).
     Js variet lietot to pau nosaukumu, kds bijies iepriekj
     versij, ja ts versijas oriinla izdevjs dod tam atauju.

    B. Sarindojiet Titullapas sarakst k autorus vienu vai vairkas
     personas vai subjektus atbildgus par Modificts Versijas izmaiu
     autorbu kop ar vismaz pieciem Dokumenta pamatautoriem (visiem t
     pamatautoriem, ja tam to ir mazk par pieciem).

    C. Nordiet Modificts Versijas Titullap izdevja vrdu k
     izdevju.

    D. Saglabjiet visus Dokumenta autortiesbu paziojumus.

    E. Savm modifikcijm pievienojiet atbilstou autortiesbu
     paziojumus blakus citiem autortiesbu paziojumiem.

    F. Ievietojiet tlt aiz autortiesbu paziojumiem licences
     paziojumu, dodot publisku atauju lietot Modificto Versiju
     saska ar s Licences noteikumiem, td form, k tas pardts
     zemkesoaj Pielikum.

    G. Saglabjiet taj licences paziojum Bezvariantu Paragrfu un
     nepiecieamo Vka Tekstu pilnu sarakstu, kds dots Dokumenta
     licences paziojum.

    H. Iekaujiet nemaintu s Licences kopiju.

    I. Saglabjiet paragrfu ar nosaukumu "Vsture" un t nosaukumu, un
     pievienojiet tam punktu, kur ietver vismaz nosaukumu, gadu,
     Modificts Versijas jaunos autorus un izdevjus, k nordts
     Titullap. Ja Dokument nav tada paragrfa ar nosaukumu "Vsture",
     izveidojiet tdu, nordot nosaukumu, gadu, Dokumenta autorus un
     izdevju, k tas redzams t Titullap, tad pievienojiet punktu,
     kur apraksta Modificto Versiju, k nordts iepriekj teikum.

    J. Saglabjiet tkla vietu, ja tda nordta Dokument, publiskai
     pieejai pie Dokumenta Caurspdgs kopijas un tpat ar Dokument
     nordts tkla vietas iepriekjm versijm, uz kurm tas ir
     bzts. Ts var tikt ievietotas "Vstures" paragrf. Js varat
     izlaist tda darba tkla vietu, kas ticis publicts vismaz etrus
     gadus pirms paa Dokumenta, vai ar ja oriinls versijas
     izdevjs, uz kuru tas atsaucas, dod tam atauju.

    K. Ikvien paragrf ar nosaukumu "Pateicbas" vai "Veltjumi",
     saglabjiet paragrfa nosaukumu, visu t saturu un katra
     ldzstrdnieka pateicbs un/vai veltjumos ietverto nozmes
     nokrsu.

    L. Saglabjiet visus Dokumenta Bezvariantu Paragrfus nemaingus to
     tekst un nosaukumos. Paragrfu numuri vai tamldzgi netiek
     uzskatti k daas no paragrfu nosaukumiem.

    M. Izdzsiet jebkuru paragrfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti". ds
     paragrfs nedrkst tikt iekauts Modifictaj Versij.

    N. Neprsauciet nevienu eksistjoo paragrfu par "Indosamentu",
     vai lai konflikttu ar jebkuru Bezvariantu Paragrfa nosaukumu.

  Ja Modifict Versija ietver jaunus skuma nozmes paragrfus vai
  pielikumus, kas kvalificjami k Sekundrie Paragrfi un nesatur no
  dokumenta koptu materilu, js varat pc savas izvles daus vai
  visus no tiem paragrfiem padart par bezvariantu. Lai to izdartu,
  pievienojiet to nosaukumus Modificts Versijas licences paziojuma
  Bezvariantu Paragrfu sarakstam. iem nosaukumiem jbut atirgiem no
  jebkuriem citiem paragrfu nosaukumiem.

  Js varat pievienot paragrfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti", nodroinot,
  ka tas nesaturs neko citu, k tikai jsu Modificts Versijas dadu
  puu indosamentus - piemram, paziojumus par otreizju caurskatanu
  vai ar, ka kda organizcija tekstu ir apstiprinjusi k autoritatvi
  noteiktu standartu.

  Js varat pievienot fragmentu ldz pieciem vrdiem k Pirm-Vka
  Tekstu, un fragmentu ldz 25 vrdiem k Aizmugurj-Vka Tekstu
  Modificts Versijas Vku Tekstu saraksta beigs. Tikai vienu
  Pirm-Vka Teksta un vienu Aizmugurj-Vka Teksta fragmentu var
  pievienot (vai nosldzot vienoanos) jebkur subjekts. Ja Dokuments
  jau ietver vka tekstu tam paam vkam, kuru iepriek pievienojt js
  vai ar noslgto vienoans tas pats subjekts, kuru js prstvat, js
  nevarat pievienot citu; bt js varat veco apmaint, saemot skaidri
  izteiktu atauju no iepriekj izdevja, kas pievienoja veco.

  Dokumenta autors(i) un izdevjs(i) saska ar o Licenci nedod atauju
  lietot viu vrdus reklmai vai lai aizstvtu vai nordtu uz
  Modificts Versijas indosamentu.

  5. DOKUMENTU APVIENOANA

  Js varat apvienot Dokumentu ar citiem dokumentiem, kuri izlaisti zem
  s Licences, saska ar augstkeso 4. nodaas noteikumiem par
  modifictajm versijm, nodroinot, ka js iekaujat visu Bezvariantu
  Paragrfu apvienojumu no visiem oriinlajiem dokumentiem nemaintu un
  nordiet tos visus k Bezvariantu Paragrfus sava apvienot darba
  licences paziojum.

  Apvienotajam darbam jsatur tikai viena s Licences kopija, un
  vairki identiski Bezvariantu Paragrfi var tikt apmainti ar vienu to
  kopiju. Ja ir vairki Bezvariantu paragrfi ar tdu pau nosaukumu,
  bet atirgu saturu, padariet katra da paragrfa nosaukumu uniklu,
  pievienojot t beigs iekavs, ja zinms, oriinla autora vai
  izdevja vrdu vai ar uniklu skaitli. Izdariet ts paas korekcijas
  paragrfu nosaukumos Bezvariantu Paragrfu sarakst apvienot darba
  licences paziojum.

  Apvienojum jums japvieno visi paragrfi ar nosaukumu "Vsture"
  dadajos oriinlajos dokumentos, noformjot tos vien paragrf ar
  nosaukumu "Vsture"; tpat apvienojiet visus paragrfus ar nosaukumu
  "Pateicbas" un visus paragrfus ar nosaukumu "Veltjumi". Jums
  jizdz visi paragrfi ar nosaukumu "Indosaments".

  6. DOKUMENTU KOLEKCIJAS

  Js varat izveidot Dokumenta un citu dokumentu, kuri izlaisti zem s
  Licences, saturou kolekciju un aizstt individuls s Licences
  kopijas dadajos dokumentos ar vienu ts kopiju, kas iekauta
  kolekcij, nodroinot, ka js visd zi sekojat s Licences
  noteikumiem par katra dokumenta burtisku kopanu.

  Js varat atdalt vienu dokumentu no das kolekcijas un izplatt to
  individuli saska ar o Licenci, nodroinot, ka js ievietojiet s
  Licences kopiju atdaltaj dokument un visd zi sekojiet ai
  Licencei attiecb uz t dokumenta burtisku kopanu.

  7. APKOPOJUMS AR NEATKARGIEM DARBIEM

  Dokumenta vai t atvasinjumu kompilcija ar citiem atseviiem un
  neatkargiem dokumentiem vai darbiem atmias tilpn vai izplatmaj
  medij kopum neskaits k Dokumenta Modificta Versija, nodroinot,
  ka nekdas kompilcijas autortiesbas kompilcijai netiek pieprastas.
  Tda kompilcija tiek saukta par "apkopojumu", un  Licence
  neattiecas uz citiem paietvertajiem darbiem, kuri iekauti kop ar
  Dokumentu, tikai d t, ka tie tdjdi ir apkopoti, ja tie pai par
  sevi nav no Dokumenta atvasintie darbi.

  Ja Vku Tekstu prasbas 3. noda ir attiecinmas uz m Dokumenta
  kopijm, tad, ja Dokuments ir mazk k viena ceturtdaa no visa
  apkopojuma, Dokumenta Vka Teksti var tikt novietoti uz vkiem, kuri
  apkopojum iekauj tikai pau Dokumentu. Citdi tiem jpards uz visa
  apkopojuma apkrtjiem vkiem.

  8. TULKOJUMS

  Tulkojums tiek uzskatts k sava veida modificjums, tpc js varat
  izplatt Dokumenta tulkojumus saska ar 4. nodaas noteikumiem.
  Bezvariantu Paragrfu aizstanai ar to tulkojumiem nepiecieama paa
  atauja no to autortiesbu turtjiem, bet js varat iekaut dau vai
  visu Bezvariantu Paragrfu tulkojumus papildus to Bezvariantu
  Paragrfu oriinlajm versijm. Js varat iekaut s Licences
  tulkojumu, nodroinot, ka js iekaujat ar s Licences Angliko
  versiju. Nesakritbu gadjum starp tulkojumu un oriinlo Anglisko
  s Licences versiju jvads pc oriinls Anglisks versijas.

  9. IZBEIGANS

  Js nedrkstat kopt, modifict, sublicenct vai izplatt Dokumentu
  savdk, k  noteikts aj Licenc. Jebkur cits minjums kopt,
  modifict, sublicenct vai izplatt Dokumentu zaud spku un
  automtiski izbeidz jsu tiesbas saska ar o Licenci. Tau pusm,
  kuras samuas kopijas vai tiesbas no jums saska ar o Licenci,
  viu licences neizbeigsies tik ilgi, kamr s puses darbosies pilng
  saska ar tm.

  10. TURPMKIE S LICENCES PRSTRDTIE IZDEVUMI

  Brvs Programmatras Fonds laiku pa laikam var publict jaunas,
  prstrdtas GNU Brvs Dokumentcijas Licences versijas. das jauns
  versijas pc btbas bs ldzgas pareizjajai versija, bet detaas
  var atirties, lai noregultu jauns problmas vai nepilnbas.
  Apskati http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

  Katrai Licences versijai tiek pieirts atirgs versijas numurs. Ja
  Dokuments norda, ka uz to attiecas noteikta Licences versija "vai
  jebkura vlka versija", jums ir izvle sekot nosacjumiem un
  noteikumiem taj noteiktaj versij vai ar jebkur vlk versij,
  kuru publicjis (ne k projektu) Brvs Programmatras Fonds. Ja
  Dokuments nenorda Licences versijas numuru, js varat izvlties
  jebkuru versiju, ko jebkad publicjies (ne k projektu) Brvs
  Programmatras Fonds.

  ADDENDUM: K lietot o Licenci jsu dokumentos

  Lai lietotu o Licenci Dokument, kuru js esat uzrakstjis,
  iekaujiet dokument Licences kopiju un ievietojiet sekojoos
  autortiesbu un licences paziojumus tiei pc titullapas:


       Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
       Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
       Free Documentation License".

       Autortiesbas (c)  GADS  JSU VRDS.
       Tiek dota atauja kopt, izplatt un/vai modifict o dokumentu saska
       ar GNU Brvs Dokumentcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras vlkas
       versijas, kuru publicjis Brvs Programmatras Fonds, nosacjumiem;
       ar diem Bezvariantu Paragrfiem NORDI TO NOSAUKUMUS, ar diem
       Pirm-Vka Tekstiem NORDI un ar diem Aizmugurj-Vka Tekstiem NORDI.
       Licences kopija ir iekauta paragrf ar nosaukumu "GNU
       Brvs Dokumentcijas Licence".



  Ja jums nav Bezvariantu Paragrfu, rakstiet "bez Bezvariantu
  Paragrfiem" t viet, lai nordtu, kuri ir bezvariantu. Ja jums nav
  Pirm-Vka Tekstu, rakstiet "bez Pirm-Vka Tekstiem" "ar diem
  Pirm-Vka Tekstiem NORDI" viet; tpat attiecgi ar par
  Aizmugurj-Vka Tekstiem.

  Ja jsu dokuments satur saretkus programmas koda piemrus, ms
  rekomendjam izlaist os piemrus paralli zem brvs programmatras
  licences pc jsu izvles, tdas k GNU Visprjs Publisks Licences,
  lai autu viiem lietot brvo programmatru.


  8.  GNU Free Documentation License

  Version 1.1, March 2000


  Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.



  0. PREAMBLE

  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
  the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
  modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
  this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
  credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
  modifications made by others.

  This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
  works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
  complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  license designed for free software.

  We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
  can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
  principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

  This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
  notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
  under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
  such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
  addressed as "you".

  A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
  modifications and/or translated into another language.

  A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
  subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
  directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is
  in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
  any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
  connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
  commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
  them.

  The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
  are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
  that says that the Document is released under this License.


  The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
  as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
  the Document is released under this License.

  A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  represented in a format whose specification is available to the
  general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
  straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
  pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
  drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
  for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
  to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
  format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
  subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
  not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
  ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
  or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
  HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
  PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
  by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
  processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-
  generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes
  only.

  The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
  plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
  this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
  formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
  the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
  preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

  2. VERBATIM COPYING

  You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
  to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
  other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
  technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
  copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
  compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
  number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

  You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
  you may publicly display copies.

  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

  If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
  and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
  enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
  these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-
  Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and
  legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
  must present the full title with all words of the title equally
  prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in
  addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they
  preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can
  be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

  If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  pages.
  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
  more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
  copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
  a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
  Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
  general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
  charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
  option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
  distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
  Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
  until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
  copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
  the public.

  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
  give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
  Document.

  4. MODIFICATIONS

  You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:


    A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
     distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
     versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
     section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
     version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

    B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
     entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
     Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
     authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
     less than five).

    C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
     Modified Version, as the publisher.

    D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

    E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
     adjacent to the other copyright notices.

    F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
     notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
     under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
     below.

    G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
     Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
     notice.

    H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

    I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add
     to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
     publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
     there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
     stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
     given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
     Version as stated in the previous sentence.

    J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
     public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
     the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
     it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
     may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
     four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher
     of the version it refers to gives permission.

    K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
     preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
     substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
     and/or dedications given therein.

    L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
     in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
     equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

    M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
     not be included in the Modified Version.

    N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
     conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
  list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

  You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  standard.

  You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-
  Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
  arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
  a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
  arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you
  may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

  The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

  You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  license notice.

  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

  In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
  in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
  "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
  and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
  entitled "Endorsements."

  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

  You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
  documents released under this License, and replace the individual
  copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
  that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
  of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
  other respects.

  You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
  distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
  copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
  License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
  document.

  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
  of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
  compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
  License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
  with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
  are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
  of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
  covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise
  they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.

  8. TRANSLATION

  Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
  translation of this License provided that you also include the
  original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
  between the translation and the original English version of this
  License, the original English version will prevail.

  9. TERMINATION

  You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
  except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
  to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and
  will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
  parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
  License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
  parties remain in full compliance.


  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

  The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
  GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
  will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
  detail to address new problems or concerns. See
  http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

  Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
  following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
  number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

  ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

  To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  license notices just after the title page:



       Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
       Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
       Free Documentation License".



  If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
  instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
  Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts
  being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.

  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
  permit their use in free software.



